Jewish Community Relations Council, Boston, Massachusetts

              . HEREDITY VS. ENVIRONMENT
Evidence bearing upon ihe evolutionary status of the
Negro may be found in a variety of sources, a few of
which follow:
For a short summary of the relevant data in The Origin
of Races, 1962, Alfred Knopf, New York, see Carlcton S. Coon,
The Story of Man, Second Edition, 1962, pp. 28-38, 60-62,
Alfred Knopf, New York: "Like Java, Central and South
Africa were regions of evolutionary lag during most of the
latter half of the Pleistocene. The survival of Homo erectus
[thc predecessor of Homo sapiens] in these antipodal Edens
was not disturbed until no earlier than about thirty thousand
years ago, almost a quarter of a million years after the first
appearance of Homo sapiens in regions nearer the center of
evolutionary activity."
On the subject of White-Negro differences in brain size
based upon measurements of brain-case capacity, see "Cranial
Capacities, A Study in Methods," Fieldiana-Anthropology,
Chicago Natural History Museum, Vol. 36, No. 3, 1947. On the
significance of brain size as an index of evolutionary grade, see
G. von Bonin, The Evolution of the Human Brain, 1963,
University of Chicago Press. Also Carlcton S. Coon, "Race
and Ecology in Man," Cold Spring Harbor Symposia on Quan-
tative Biology, 1960, Vol. 24, p. 156: "Among living populations, absolute brain size is generally, although not necessarily
individually, related to achievement." (Brain-case dimensions
can be used as a tool of analysis only after allowance for body
size, sex, internal proportions and fissuration. See below.)
On the subject of White-Negro differences in cortex area
as reflected in relative fissuration (sulcification) of thc cortex,
sec C. J. Connolly, External Morphology of the Primate Brain,
1950, p. 258, Charles C. Thomas, Springfield, Illinois: "No
morphological feature was found to be exclusively characteristic
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